Action Mechanism of Chinese Medicine Polysaccharides in Prevention and Treatment Diabetes and Its Complications：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetes is a metabolic disease mainly characterized by hyperglycemia due to inadequate insulin secretion. And persistent hyperglycemia can cause chronic damage or dysfunction of eyes， kidneys， heart， blood vessels and nerves. Polysaccharides are high molecular carbohydrates polymerized by glycosidic bonds from more than 10 monosaccharide molecules of the same or different types. They have the advantages of wide sources， high safety and low toxic and so on. As one of the important effective components of traditional Chinese medicine， polysaccharides have biological activities such as immune regulation， anti-oxidation， anti-tumor， lowering blood sugar and so on. The structure is directly related to biological activities， and the advanced structure of polysaccharides is based on the primary structure. Exploring the primary structure of polysaccharides is the key task of lowering blood sugar and improving diabetic complications. This paper summarizes the monosaccharide composition of the primary structure of Chinese medicine polysaccharides， and the mechanism of Chinese medicine polysaccharides improving diabetes is emphasized by increasing the secretion and release of insulin， increasing the islet β cell number， upregulating insulin receptor level， improving glucose and lipid metabolism， inhibiting inflammatory response， improving oxidative stress and regulating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， mitogen activated protein kinase， cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP）/protein kinase A（PKA） and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase（AMPK） signaling pathways. At the same time， we also summarized the prevention and treatment of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in diabetic nephropathy， diabetic cardiomyopathy， diabetic ophthalmopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy， in order to provide a theoretical basis for new drug development and clinical application of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in the intervention of diabetes and its complications.

Identification of a novel FUT1 allele in a Chinese individual featuring para-Bombay phenotype / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for an individual with a para-Bombay phenotype.@*METHODS@#A proband with mismatched forward and reverse serotypes for the ABO blood group was identified. Weakly expressed ABH blood type antigen on the surface of red blood cells was verified by absorption and release test, and the blood group substances in saliva was detected by sialic acid test. Exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene and exons of the FUT1 and FUT2 genes were subjected to direct sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The proband was found to be of O type by forward ABO serotyping and AB type by reverse ABO serotyping, though H and substance A and B were detected in her saliva. DNA sequencing revealed that she has harbored c.35C/T, c.328G/A, and c.504delC compound heterozygous variants of the FUT1 gene. Haploid analysis showed that her FUT1 genotype was h328A/h35T+504delC, which has been uploaded to the NCBI website (No. MW323551).@*CONCLUSION@#The para-Bombay phenotype of the proband may be attributed to the novel compound heterozygous variants including c.504delC of the FUT1 gene, which may affect its function by altering the activity of FUT1 glycotransferase.

Pathophysiological mechanisms of futile recanalization following endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion and potential targeted therapeutic strategy / 中华神经科杂志

Endovascular therapy is the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. However, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that about half of patients had poor functional recovery despite successful recanalization, namely futile recanalization. Previous studies suggested that tissue no-reflow (lack of reperfusion despite recanalized large vessel), early re-occlusion, poor collateral status, hemorrhagic transformation, impaired cerebral autoregulation and large hypoperfusion volume may all contribute to futile recanalization. Targeted treatment strategies for these mechanisms have been attempted in pre-clinical researches but failed to translate into clinical practices. This review aimed to summarize the mechanisms of futile recanalization and potential targeted treatment strategies, particularly focus on the no-reflow phenomenon and its mechanisms, clinical evaluation, and treatment approaches, hoping to promote translational research and improve the status of stroke treatment.

Medication Rules of Clinical Prescriptions Containing Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus Based on Data Mining / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo reveal the medication rules of the clinical prescriptions containing Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus， and to provide a basis for the modern clinical application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus， the development of health products and the research and development of new drugs. MethodThe clinical prescriptions containing Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus were retrieved from CNKI， Wanfang Data， and VIP， and then a basic database of prescriptions was established via the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance auxiliary platform （V2.5）， IBM SPSS V20， and Excel （Microsoft Office 2016）. The frequency and association rules of the medicines in prescriptions （compatible medicines） and the corresponding syndromes were then mined. ResultThe prescriptions were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 458 clinical prescriptions containing Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus were collected， involving 388 Chinese medicines， and the total frequency of medicines reached 6 199. The core compatible medicines （frequency > 130） of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus included Poria （frequency of 222）， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma （217）， Paeoniae Radix Alba （196）， Bupleuri Radix （159）， and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium （142）. The Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus-compatible medicines with frequency > 49 were selected for further analysis， which included 34 medicines with the cumulative frequency of 3 131 （50.51% of the total frequency）. These medicines mainly have the functions of tonifying Qi， invigorating Qi， tonifying blood， alleviating edema and promoting urination， promoting digestion， and activating blood and relieving pain. They are mainly warm， cold， or mild-natured， taste bitter， sweet， or acrid， and have the tropism in the spleen， liver， stomach， or lung meridians. The association rule analysis demonstrated that 14 medicine combinations were commonly used， and the core combinations were Poria-Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus， Paeoniae Radix Alba-Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus， Bupleuri Radix-Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Poria-Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus， and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus. The clinical prescriptions containing Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus were mainly used to treat 52 diseases corresponding to 11 types of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes. Three representative syndrome types， including spleen and stomach syndromes， Qi-blood-body fluid syndromes， and gynecological syndromes were selected for further association rule analysis. In the treatment of spleen and stomach syndromes， the core compatible drugs were Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Poria， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Bupleuri Radix， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and Pinelliae Ehizoma， which， together with Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus， formed 25 commonly used medicine combinations （16 combinations composed of 2 medicines and 9 combinations composed of 3 medicines）. In the treatment of Qi-blood-body fluid syndromes， the core compatible drugs were Poria， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Astragali Radix， Hordei Fructus Germinatus， and Bupleuri Radix， which， together with Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus， formed 23 common medicine combinations （17 combinations composed of 2 medicines， 5 combinations composed of 3 medicines， and 1 combination composed of 4 medicines）. In the treatment of gynecological syndromes， the core compatible medicines were Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Astragali Radix， Cyperi Rhizoma， and Poria， which constituted 25 common medicine combinations （15 combinations composed of 2 medicines and 10 combinations composed of 3 medicines）. ConclusionWe employed the traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） inheritance auxiliary platform to explore the compatibility of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus-containing clinical prescriptions and the corresponding TCM syndromes， which intuitively showcased the medication rules of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus. Specifically， Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus was mainly combined with the medicines for tonifying Qi， invigorating Qi， tonifying blood， alleviating edema and promoting urination， promoting digestion， and activating blood and relieving pain to treat different TCM syndromes. While soothing liver， regulating Qi， harmonizing stomach， and relieving pain， the combinations tonify and activate blood， invigorate spleen， and resolve dampness. The findings are of great significance to the rational application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus， the development of health food， and the research of new drugs and will bolster the development of Chinese medicine industry.

Study on the Medical Device Registration Submission Dossier Requirements in China / 中国医疗器械杂志

The evolution throughout the whole supervision history of Class II/III safety and effectiveness related NMPA submission dossier requirements was studied in this study, meanwhile elaborating the revolution progress of clinical evaluation domestically. The relationship between submission dossier requirements and Essential Principles of Safety and Performance of Medical Devices as well as IMDRF relevant documents was deeply analyzed and illustrated, in order to comprehensively understanding the background and future reform direction of NMPA submission dossier requirements under the background of the government's deepening reform of medical device evaluation and approval system strategy.

Research progress of Curcuma kwangsiensis root tubers and analysis of liver protection and anti-tumor mechanisms based on Q-markers / 中国中药杂志

Curcuma kwangsiensis root tuber is a widely used genuine medicinal material in Guangxi, with the main active components of terpenoids and curcumins. It has the effects of promoting blood circulation to relieve pain, moving Qi to relieve depression, clearing heart and cooling blood, promoting gallbladder function and anti-icterus. Modern research has proved its functions in liver protection, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, blood lipid reduction and immunosuppression. Considering the research progress of C. kwangsiensis root tubers and the core concept of quality marker(Q-marker), we predicted the Q-markers of C. kwangsiensis root tubers from plant phylogeny, chemical component specificity, traditional pharmacodynamic properties, new pharmacodynamic uses, chemical component measurability, processing methods, compatibility, and components migrating to blood. Curcumin, curcumol, curcumadiol, curcumenol, curdione, germacrone, and β-elemene may be the possible Q-markers. Based on the predicted Q-markers, the mechanisms of the liver-protecting and anti-tumor activities of C. kwangsiensis root tubers were analyzed. AKT1, IL6, EGFR, and STAT3 were identified as the key targets, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, nitrogen metabolism pathway, cancer pathway, and hepatitis B pathway were the major involved pathways. This review provides a basis for the quality evaluation and product development of C. kwangsiensis root tubers and gives insights into the research on Chinese medicinal materials.

Application of three-dimensional high resolution anorectal manometry and biological feedback therapy in very elderly patients with functional constipation / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of three-dimensional high resolution anorectal manometry and the effect of biological feedback therapy on the improvement of clinical symptoms in very elderly patients with chronic functional constipation.Methods:A total of 68 cases with chronic functional constipation were divided into very elderly group(≥80 years old, n=36)and the elderly group(60-79 years old, n=32)in the retrospective analysis.Patients underwent the three-dimensional high resolution anorectal manometry before and after biological feedback therapy, and the related parameters and scores of constipation symptoms before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results:The results of 3D high-resolution anorectal manometry showed that the anus relaxation rate in the simulated defecation test was lower and the bowel threshold in the rectal sensory threshold test was higher in the very elderly group than in the elderly group(2.44±33.81% vs.16.34±16.99%, 103.44±42.01 ml vs.77.22±41.85 ml, t=-2.047 and 2.655, P=0.049 and 0.012). In the very elderly group, the post-biological feedback therapy versus pre-biological feedback therapy showed that anal residual pressure during simulated defecation was decreased, the absolute value of negative anorectal pressure difference was reduced and the anal relaxation rate was increased [57.50±18.88 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs.64.84±25.82 mmHg, -29.64±15.98 mmHg vs.-39.47±19.45 mmHg, 10.53±29.35% vs.2.44±33.81%, t=3.342, -4.902 and -3.209, P=0.002, 0.000 and 0.003]. The scores of clinical symptom scale showed that there was no significant difference in the effective rate between the very elderly and elderly groups(66.67% or 24/36 vs.71.88% or 23/32, χ2=0.760, P=0.860). Conclusions:The elderly functional constipation patients with defecation disorder often have rectal propulsive insufficiency and dyscoordination of pelvic floor muscle contraction.The main cause of defecation disorder in very elderly patients is the decrease of anal relaxation rate during simulated defecation.Biological feedback therapy can improve the symptoms of defecation disorder in very elderly patients by reducing the anal residual pressure during simulated defecation, increasing the anal relaxation rate and reducing the absolute value of negative anorectal pressure difference.

Molecular genetic analysis of two individuals with weak D variant of the Rh blood type / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the molecular basis of two individuals with weak D variant of the Rh blood type.@*METHODS@#Routine serological testing was carried out to detect the D, C, c, E and e antigens of the Rh blood group. The D antigen was further detected with an indirect antiglobulin test. The presence of Rhesus box was detected by PCR to determine the homozygosity of the RHD gene.@*RESULTS@#Both samples were determined as weak D phenotype by the indirect antiglobulin test. DNA sequencing revealed that case 1 harbored a heterozygous 208C>T variant in exon 2 and a heterozygous 1227G>A variant in exon 9; while case 2 harbored homozygous 779A>G variants of exon 5 of the RHD gene. Case 1 was determined as RHD+/RHD+, while case 2 was determined as RHD+/RHD-. The two samples were respectively named as weak D type 122 and weak D type 149 based on the rules of Rhesus Base Nomenclature.@*CONCLUSION@#D negative blood donors should subject to indirect antiglobulin testing and molecular analysis for safer transfusion.

Traditional medicinal plants for arthropod-borne diseases of five countries in Lancang-Mekong region:a review / 中国中药杂志

Arthropod-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, have frequently beset five countries(Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand) in the tropical rainy Lancang-Mekong region, which pose a huge threat to social production and daily life. As a resort to such diseases, chemical drugs risk the resistance in plasmodium, non-availability for dengue virus, and pollution to the environment. Traditional medicinal plants have the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics, which are of great potential in drug development. Exploring potential medicinals for arthropod-borne diseases from traditional medicinal plants has become a hot spot. This study summarized the epidemiological background of arthropod-borne diseases in the Lancang-Mekong region and screened effective herbs from the 350 medicinal plants recorded in CHINA-ASEAN Traditional Medicine. Based on CNKI, VIP, and PubMed, the plants for malaria and dengue fever and those for killing and repelling mosquitoes were respectively sorted out. Their pharmacological effects and mechanisms were reviewed and the material basis was analyzed. The result is expected to serve as a reference for efficient utilization of medicinal resources, development of effective and safe drugs for malaria and dengue fever, and the further cooperation between China and the other five countries in the Lancang-Mekong region.

Analysis on oral medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for prevention of COVID-19 / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To analyze the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preventive oral prescriptions for COVID-19. Methods: The preventive oral prescriptions for COVID-19 published by national and provincial health and wellness committees, administrations of TCM, medical institutions at all levels, medical masters and Chinese medicine experts were collected to establish a database, manual screening was carried out according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and frequency statistics, association rule analysis. The mutual information method, entropy hierarchical clustering and other methods were improved through Excel and the TCM inheritance auxiliary platform V2.5 to mine the rules and characteristics of medication. Results: The selected 157 prescriptions contained a total of 130 TCMs. The top five TCMs with the highest use frequency were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (86), Astragali Radix (80), Lonicerea Japonicae Flos (70), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (62), Saposhnikoviae Radix (60). In accordance with TCM efficacy classification, most of them were medicines for qi-tonifying (279), followed by medicines for clearing heat and drying dampness (163), dispelling pathogenic wind-cold (126), resolving dampness (111), as well as dispelling pathogenic wind-heat (99). The characteristics of four-natures of the selected medicines are as follows: most of them were cold (59), followed by warm (38) and mild (21). In terms of five-taste, most of them were sweet (26) and acrid-and-bitter (24), followed by sweet-and-bitter (20), bitter (20) and acrid (15). For the meridian attribution, the five-zang organs and six-fu organs were all involved, most of them attributed to lung meridian (80), followed by stomach meridian (57) and spleen meridian (40). Based on association rule analysis, 12 commonly used medicine combinations with two or three TCMs were found. The commonly used medicinal pairs included Astragali Radix and Saposhnikoviae Radix (51), Astragali Radix and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (46), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Saposhnikoviae Radix (43), Astragali Radix and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Saposhnikoviae Radix (38), Forsythiae Fructus and Astragali Radix (37), and so on. In addition, 14 core combinations of medicines were obtained by complex system entropy cluster analysis, on this basis, six new prescriptions were screened out based on unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering analysis. According to The Catalogue of Edible Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials for Health Food, and New Resources of Food published by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, there are 35 species belonging to the group of edible traditional Chinese medicinal materials, 20 species belonging to the group of new resources of food, 31 species belonging to the group of traditional Chinese medicinal materials for health food, 19.11% of the preventive oral prescriptions for COVID-19 were composed of the medicines belonging to the above three groups. Besides, there are 11 toxic species, and 24.84% of the preventive oral prescriptions for COVID-19 contained toxic TCMs. Conclusion: We found that invigorating qi and resolving dampness were the main treatment used to prevent for COVID-19, combined with the methods for strengthening vital energy and eliminating pathogenic factors. Most of the preventive oral prescriptions for COVID-19 were treated in lung, spleen and stomach meridians. In the process of selecting prescriptions and using TCMs to prevent for COVID-19, the safety of preventive medicines was also emphasized. And the theory of “Preventive Treatment of Disease” was embodied in these preventive oral prescriptions for COVID-19. For the prescriptions containing toxic TCMs, special attention should be paid to their safety in clinical application.

Analysis on application law of dampness-removing traditional Chinese medicines in treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been diagnosed as an epidemic disease characterized by cold and dampness pathogens in TCM clinic. Due to many Chinese medicines with different functions were used in the treatment of COVID-19, it is very important to find the law of application of damp-removing traditional Chinese medicine with high frequency application, with view to providing a reference for the use and research of Chinese medicine to further control the pandemic. Methods: The publicly released diagnosis and treatment programs issued by the National Health Commission and Health Commission of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, and Chinese herbs prescription information in these were collected, a database was established, and Excel and Graphpad 8.0 software were used to analyze the frequency of use of various Chinese medicines, the frequency and property characters including five flavors (bitter, pungent, sweet, sour, and salty) and four natures (warm, hot, cool, and cold) and channel tropisms of Chinese medicine for removing dampness. Results: A total of 137 prescriptions of Chinese medicine for treating COVID-19 were collected, including 178 TCMs showing functions of resolving phlegm, relieving cough and asthma, resolving dampness, clearing damp and inducing dieresis, clearing heat, tonifying deficiency, and relieving exterior syndrome, in which the TCMs with the first four functions that we called the dampness-removing TCMs, accounted for 35.78%. Also a number of TCMs in the rest functions showed removing-dampness. The first four functions were divided into subfunctions including aromatic resolving dampness, clearing heat and drying dampness, drying dampness and tonifying spleen qi, drying dampness and removing phlegm, inducing diuresis and relieving swelling, inducing diuresis and relieving exterior syndrome. Among them, the most frequently used TCMs was Ephedrae Herba, followed by Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Pogostemonis Herba, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Poria, Scutellariae Radix, and Atractylodis Rhizoma. The property character analysis in the dampness-removing TCMs showed that bitter and pungent were largely present and sour and astringent were absent, warm and hot were dominant; And the lung, spleen, stomach, large intestine, bladder were main channel tropisms. Conclusion: Dampness-removing TCMs are the first important type of traditional Chinese medicine to be considered in the treatment of COVID-19 in Chinese medicine. The application of dampness-removing TCMs in the treatment of COVID-19 needs to be combined with its application law. This study may provide meaningful and useful information on further research to investigate the effective compounds from the dampness-removing Chinese medicine with high frequency application, and also provide a reference for the clinical treatment of COVID-19 accurately against dampness evil with dampness-removing traditional Chinese medicines.

Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of durian shells in ASEAN countries: A review / 中草药·英文版

Durio zibethnus is mainly distributed in Southeast Asia. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that durian shells have the effects of clearing heat and purging fire, nourishing yin and moisturizing dryness. Therefore, it is often used as a pharmaceutic food in the Chinese folk to assist treating diseases. At present, the chemical constituents isolated from durian shell include phenolic acids, phenolic glycosides, flavonoids, coumarins, triterpenes, simple glycosides and other compounds. Modern pharmacological studies show that durian shell has many pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. The chemical composition and pharmacological effects of durian shells are summarized in order to provide references for the further research and application of durian shell.

Carry forward advantages of traditional medicines in prevention and control of outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic / 中草药·英文版

Members of the China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research used the video conference platform to exchange and discuss the advantages of traditional medicine through the form of score exchange and report, and research and develop the amount and issues of the therapeutic COVID-19 products of concern. This paper mainly reviews the achievements of the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control plan, advances of scientific basic studies on SARS-CoV-2, analysis and screening of potential targets and pathways of antiviral compounds based on network pharmacology and development of antiviral food dual-use products. The authors believe that the declaration of the (10 + 3) special meeting of national leaders on epidemic prevention and control should raise the medical and pharmaceutical issues of common concern. It is the responsibility of our joint laboratory members to accelerate the development of traditional medicine research and industry. Also the authors believe that this exchange will certainly promote the development of the cause of cooperation.

Chemical Constituents, Toxicology and Pharmacological Effect of Momordicae Semen / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Momordicae Semen a traditional toxic Chinese medicine, which was first recorded in Kaibao Bencao of the Northern Song Dynasty. It has the effects in reducing swelling, dispersing knot, and attacking sores. It is mainly distributed in South China, such as Guangxi and Guangdong. It is also distributed in Southeast Asian countries, such as Thailand and Vietnam. The present study showed abundant chemical components extracted from Momordicae Semen, including steroids, sterols, volatile oils and fatty acids. Among them, 30 terpenoids, 102 compounds in volatile oil, 6 sterols and 19 fatty acids have been identified. Aqueous extracts and alcohol extracts of Momordicae Semen have the toxicity, and the toxicity decreases with the increase of oil content. The main toxic components reported in the literatures are cochinchinin and saponins. Pharmacological studies have shown that in addition to its traditional anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and other pharmacological effects, Momordicae Semen also exhibited many pharmacological effects, such as anti-ulcer, anti-oxidation and immune regulation. In recent years, there have been increasingly more research reports on Momordicae Semen. By studying relevant domestic and foreign literatures from 1964 to 2019 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed and Web of Science, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and toxicological research of Momordicae Semen were summarized, which will provide reference for further research and application of Momordicae Semen in the future.

Safety Evaluation of Jiaotaiwan Based on Zebrafish Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To take zebrafish embryo as the research object, in order to investigate the development toxicity, cardiotoxicity, liver toxicity and kidney toxicity of water extract of Jiaotaiwan (JTW) on zebrafish embryo. Method:Zebrafish embryos with normal development at 12 h (hpf) after fertilization were selected as model animals for the growth and cardiotoxicity experiments. The embryos were treated with 125, 250, 500 mg·L-1 of JTW water extracts, and the effects of the drugs on the heart rate and morphology of the embryos and LD50 were observed at 72 h (hpf) after fertilization. Zebrafish embryos with normal development at 72 h (hpf) after fertilization were used as model animals for the liver and kidney toxicity experiments. The embryos were treated with 125，250，500 mg·L-1 of JTW water extracts, and the effect of the drugs on morphological changes, Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and creatinine content of the larvae and LD50 were observed at 72 d (dpf) after fertilization. Result:The zebrafish embryos in control group developed normally, the heart was well developed, and the heartbeat was even and powerful. The LD50 of JTW water extract on zebrafish embryos for 72 h was 1 023 mg·L-1. Compared with the embryos in the control group, 250，500 mg·L-1 treatment groups in the development toxicity had a smaller head, shorter body lengths (P<0.05), and decreased eye size (P<0.05). Compared with the control group embryos, the pericardial edema was observed in the 500 mg·L-1 group, the heart rate was significantly decreased in the 250，500 mg·L-1 JTW water extract groups (P<0.01), the atrial and ventricular areas were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the distance of SV-BA became significantly larger (P<0.05), the distance of AV channel became significantly larger (P<0.01), and the in-flow distance was significantly shorter (P<0.01). In the acute toxicity experiment, the LD50 of JTW water extract for zebrafish larvae for 72 h was 1 067 mg·L-1. Compared with control group, JTW water extract significantly reduced ALT activity in zebrafish larvae (P<0.05). Conclusion:This experiment found that JTW has an obvious toxicity in embryonic development, which is mainly manifested as delayed growth and severe cardiotoxicity. Great attention shall be paid to clinical administration to pregnant women, lactating women and patients with heart disease.

Research Progress in Modern Pharmacology of Magnolia Officinalis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex（MOC） is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） in China. It is spicy-warm in property and bitter in flavor. It has the effects in eliminating dampness， eliminating phlegm and removing fullness. It is commonly used for dampness obstruction to spleen and stomach， chest and epigastric distension， glutinous grains， nausea， vomiting， abdominal pain and abdominal distension. It has a good efficacy in treating gastrointestinal discomfort and anorexia in clinic. The results showed that MOC mainly contains phenolic compounds， alkaloids and volatile oil. Magnolol， honokiol and other phenolic compounds are the main active substances， with obvious pharmacological activities on digestive， nervous， cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In addition， it also has anti-inflammatory， analgesic， anti-bacterial， anti-tumor and anti-oxidation effects. Except for magnolol and honokiol and other active substances， MOC flowers also contain volatile oil， with a similar effect with MOC but a weaker function. It is mainly used for treating spleen and stomach dampness， fullness， chest and epigastric distension. In addition to magnolol and honokiol and other phenolic compounds， MOC leaves also contain volatile oil， flavonoids and polysaccharides and other chemical components， which have antibacterial， antioxidative， vasodilatory and other pharmacological effects. It can be used as medicine instead of MOC in clinic. In this paper， the pharmacology studies of MOC in recent 5 years was reviewed， in order to better develop and utilize magnolia bark and its waste flowers and leaves， and further develop relevant functional products with MOC as the main drug， while providing new ideas for expanding the resources of TCM.

Research Process on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effect of Four Kinds of Couplet Medicine of Cinnamomi Ramulus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Cinnamomi Ramulus is a dry tender branch of <italic>Cinnamomum cassia</italic> Presl, which is a multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Cinnamomi Ramulus has different efficacy under different compatibility environment. Complet medicine is a commonly used and relatively fixed compatibility form of two drugs, and it is the smallest unit in the compatibility of TCM. The four kinds of complet medicine commonly used in Cinnamomi Ramulus were as follows: the diaphoretics pungent in flavour and warm in property pairs include Cinnamomi Ramulus Ephedrae Herba and Cinnamomi Ramulus Bupleuri Radix complet medicine. The stasis dredge collaterals pairs involve Cinnamomi Ramulus Poria and Cinnamomi Ramulus Persicae Semen complet medicine. The regulation Qi and Blood Cinnamomi Ramulus Paeoniae Radix Alba complet medicine. Wenda Tongyang pairs consist of Cinnamomi Ramulus Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia, Cinnamomi Ramulus Astragali Radix, and Cinnamomi Ramulus Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma complet medicine. After compatibility, some changes have taken place in the chemical composition of complet medicines. For example, after compatibility of Cinnamomi Ramulus and Ephedrae Herba, the content of effective components of both herbs decreases, and the chemical constituents that are not found in single herbs are produced. After compatibility of Cinnamomi Ramulus and Bupleuri Radix, the dissolution of active ingredients is related to compatibility ratio. The active ingredients of Cinnamomi Ramulus Poria, Cinnamomi Ramulus Paeoniae Radix Alba pair and Cinnamomi Ramulus Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia have also changed to some extent.The content of active ingredients in Astragali Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma both increase after compatibility with Cinnamomi Ramulus. Different complet medicine have different pharmacological effects, Cinnamomi Ramulus Ephedrae Herba complet medicine have the effect of transpiration and antipyretic, Cinnamomi Ramulus Bupleuri Radix complet medicine can analgesia. Cinnamomi Ramulus Poria complet medicine have the effect of diuretic, improve myocardial ischemia and so on. Cinnamomi Ramulus Persicae Semen complet medicine have the anti-coagulation action.Cinnamomi Ramulus Paeoniae Radix Alba complet medicine have the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Cinnamomi Ramulus Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia complet medicine have the effect of dispelling cold to relieve pain. Cinnamomi Ramulus Astragali Radix complet medicine have the many effects in relieving anti-coagulation, antioxidation and anti-myocardial ischemia. Cinnamomi Ramulus Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma complet medicine displays diverse activities, including antiarrhythmic, antithrombosis. In this paper, the chemical constituents and pharmacology of four kinds of complet medicine of Cinnamomi Ramulus were reviewed, which provided a reference for the better open utilization of Cinnamomi Ramulus complet medicine.

Pharmacological Effect and Substance Basis of Neutral Blood-activating and Stasis-removing Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By reviewing the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the author collected 37 neutral blood-activating and stasis-removing traditional Chinese medicines. And by retrieving literatures on relevant material basis and pharmacological effects on CNKI, the author organized and summarized their chemical composition and pharmacological effects. Neutral blood-activating and stasis-removing traditional Chinese medicines are rich in chemical components, such as flavonoids, steroids and sugars. At the same time, it has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombotic mechanism, anti-atherosclerosis, inhibition of ischemia-perfusion injury, anti-tumor, anti-fibrosis, liver protection, anti-inflammatory analgesia, blood pressure reduction and immune regulation. It is widely used in the treatment of liver fibrosis, cardiovascular disease, liver cancer, uterine cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other diseases. Nowadays, as people has paid increasing attention to neutral herbs, studies on traditional Chinese medicines for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis have been further deepened, which provides a better development prospect for neutral blood-activating and stasis-removing traditional Chinese medicines. From the perspective of medicinal properties, the authors systematically collected and summarized the pharmacological effects and material basis of neutral blood-activating and stasis-removing traditional Chinese medicines. This article provides theoretical guidance for the clinical application of neutral blood-activating and stasis-removing traditional Chinese medicines and new medicine research ideas for neutral blood-activating and stasis-removing traditional Chinese medicines.

Study on Chemical Constituents of Ethanol Extract from Yao Medicine Cissampelopsis spelaeicola / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the chemical constituents of ethanol extract from Yao medicine Cissampelopsis spelaeicola. METHODS： The petroleum ether， ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction from 75％ ethanol extract of C. spelaeicola were isolated and purified by silica gel， SephadexLH-20 gel column and AB-8 macroporous resin column， etc. The structures of the compounds were analyzed and identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data （mass spectrometry， hydrogen spectrum， carbon spectrum）. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： Twelve compounds were isolated and identified from 75％ ethanol extract of C. spelaeicola. β-sitosterol（Ⅰ） and Stigmasterol（Ⅱ） were isolated from petroleum ether fraction； p-hydroxybenzoic acid（Ⅲ）， β-daucossterol（Ⅳ）， protocatechuic acid（Ⅴ）， 6β-hydroxyeremophi-7（11）-en-12，8β-olide（Ⅵ）， 10β-hydroxyeremophil-7（11）-en-8，12-olide（Ⅶ）， 10β-hydroxyeremophi-7（11），8（9）-dien-8，12-olide（Ⅷ）， Quercetin（Ⅸ）， Hyperin（Ⅹ） and 4α-hydroxy- eudesman-11-ene（Ⅺ） were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction； quercetin-3-O-robinobioside（Ⅻ） was isolated from n-butanol fraction. Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅻ are isolated from C. spelaeicola for the first time. The study can lay material foundation for activity stady of C. spelaeicola.

Identification of a novel FUT1 allele of para-Bombay phenotype / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the molecular basis for an individual with para-Bombay phenotype of the H blood group.@*METHODS@#Intron 5 to 3'-UTR of the ABO gene and exon 4 of the FUT1 gene were amplified with PCR and subjected to direct sequencing. Mutations of the FUT1 gene were identified by TOPO cloning sequencing.@*RESULTS@#Direct sequencing showed that her ABO genotype was B101/O01. TOPO cloning sequencing found that this individual had three mutations of the FUT1 gene, including an heterozygous AG deletion (CAGAGAG→CAGAG) at position 547 to 552, and two C→T mutations at positions 35 (C35T) and 293 (C293T) on the other homologous chromosome. The two alleles comprised a new recombination of mutations c.35T>C and c.293C>T, and the sequence has been submitted to NCBI (No. MG597611).@*CONCLUSION@#A novel combination of FUT1 alleles with c.35 C>T and c.293C>T has been identified in an individual with para-Bombay phenotype.